Apache 2 and PHP InstallationThe following notes are how I got Apache 2 and PHP 5 (or PHP 4) working together on Linux. These instructions also apply, mostly, for any UNIX-like system, especially other Linux distributions. If you have a recent Linux distribution (say since 2002), you already have Apache 2 and PHP, so you don't need to do this unless you want the latest Apache 2 or PHP release or need to customize the Apache or PHP software. Don't forget to remove (or at least disable) the Apache rpm package if you install your own custom Apache.
Apache 2 Version Tip: Beginning with Apache 2.0.42 the API will be kept stable (yeah!). That means you will NOT have to recompile modules (and possibly upgrade/fix source) every time you install a new Apache release. This assumes you stay in the same Apache release series. For example, upgrading from 2.2.0 to 2.2.2 should work. This will not apply to upgrading to the next series (e.g., "development" 2.3.x or "stable" 2.4.x).
I was only able to get PHP working with Apache 2 as a *.so DSO ("dynamic shared object"), as opposed to compiled into Apache (with a static *.a library). I think DSO is the only way PHP is supported now on Apache 2.
I first used httpd-2.0.43 and php-4.3.0 with RedHat 7.3. I am now using httpd-2.2.3 and php-5.2.0 with SUSE 10.1.
Note: If you have problems with PHP and think it's a recent bug, you may want to consider using the latest http://snaps.php.net/ snapshot. Beware that snapshots frequently have regression and are not for production use. Usually problems are because of mis-configuration, not bugs, so snapshots will probably hurt more than help.
You only need the enable-so line above. For information on other options, type ./configure --help and see "Compiling and Installing" in the Apache 2 Documentation, http://httpd.apache.org/
You only need the --with-apxs2, and prefix lines. --with-mysql adds MySql (you need to specify the directory if it's in a unusual location (e.g., --with-mysql=/usr/local ), --with-config-file moves the php.ini file location, disable-cgi disables the CGI version, which is not needed if you use Apache modules. It also enables and installs the command line interface (CLI) version. --with-zlib allows use of gzip-type compression, --with-gettext is for internationalization, and --with-gdbm allows access to GDBM databases. For more information, type ./configure --help and see the "Installation" chapter in the PHP Manual, http://ww.php.net/docs.php
If you are not root (I do not perform makes while root, for security and safety reasons), become root and type the following:
Note 1: The php documentation recommends AddType application/x-httpd-php php instead of the above. However, it causes problems with the "MultiViews" feature of HTTP. That is, if the .php extension is left off a URL, and with certain browser Accept headers, Apache will not know .php (application/x-httpd-php) is HTML and will return a 406 Not Acceptable error. Using the AddType and AddHandler as shown above fixes this problem. For details see Mark Tranchant's webpage, "Using Apache's MultiViews with PHP whilst avoid 406 errors," and PHP bug 28023.
Note 2: PHP Syntax coloring isn't required, but it's very nice for looking at your php source while debugging. Here's an example.
Note 3: just for completeness I'll mention that you should be able to use SetOutputFilter / SetInputFilter instead of AddType, but you can't use both. However, SetOutputFilter / SetInputFilter no longer works for me. It used to work with an earlier PHP 4.x or Apache 2 version, but not with Apache 2.0.47/PHP 4.3.3. I understand this (PHP as an Apache 2 filter) is experimental, so I don't use it anymore:
$ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -t Syntax OK $ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -v Server version: Apache/2.2.2 Server built: May 29 2006 12:40:55 $ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -V Server version: Apache/2.2.2 Server built: May 29 2006 12:40:55 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:2 Server loaded: APR 1.2.7, APR-Util 1.2.7 Compiled using: APR 1.2.7, APR-Util 1.2.7 Architecture: 32-bit Server MPM: Prefork threaded: no forked: yes (variable process count) Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="logs/accept.lock" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" $ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -S VirtualHost configuration: . . . $ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -l Compiled in modules: core.c . . . mod_so.c $ /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -M Loaded Modules: . . . php5_module (shared) Syntax OK (the above works for Apache 2.2.x and higher only) $ ps -ef |grep httpd root 24069 1 0 09:17 ? 00:00:08 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k s apache 29917 24069 0 15:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k s . . .
Note: on BSD-based UNIX systems, you need to use "ps -aux" instead of "ps -ef".
<html> <head> <title>PHP Test</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> </head> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> <p> <b>An Example of PHP in Action</b><br /> <?php echo "The Current Date and Time is: <br>"; echo date("g:i A l, F j Y.");?> </p> <h2>PHP Information</h2> <p> <?php phpinfo(); ?> </p> </body> </html>
Tips and Notes• Disabling Existing Apache Software
If Apache is already installed with your Linux distribution you have to disable it before installing your own custom version. To do this, type the following under RedHat Linux:
You may also remove the httpd and php rpm packages, and dependent packages, if you wish.
• Automatic Startup of Apache
To start Apache automatically, follow these steps:
This works for RedHat Linux, Mandrake, SuSE, and Sun Java Desktop System. The equivalent of chkconfig for Debian is:
[Thanks to Beriah Dutcher and others]
• Make doesn't make dynamic library libphp5.so, just static library libphp5.a
First make sure libphp5.so isn't there.
It's usually in the libs or .libs subdirectory.
Run find from the PHP source directory root:
find . -name libphp5.so
If that doesn't work, make sure you use the --with-apxs2
option with the correct directory in ./configure. For example:
./configure --with-mysql --with-apxs2=/path/to/apache/apxs
When re-running ./configure always start with a fresh, clean
source directory (no object).
(For PHP 4, substitute libphp4.so and libphp4.a for libphp5.so and libphp5.a, respectively.)
• PHP 5: My PHP scripts that worked with PHP 4 now ignores input variables
If you have old PHP 4 scripts you don't want to convert to PHP 5, change this line in your php.ini file:
For the long term, you may want to upgrade your PHP software or convert the PHP source code to use new-style variables. E.g., use $_REQUEST[i] instead of $i
• PHP 5.2.0 Upgrade from 5.1.x (November 2006)
I had one problem with upgrading from PHP 5.1.x to 5.2.0. The Phorum 3 software I use has a function date_format that now conflicts with a new PHP 5.2 internal function, also called date_format. This new function is used for PHP 5.2.x's new "datetime support". I fixed this by renaming Phorum's date_format function to not conflict with PHP's function. See also PHP 5.2 Update Info for more PHP 5.2 upgrade information.• PHP 5.x: you may need to upgrade libxml2 to use XML
To use PHP 5 and XML (--with-xml),
you need the libxml2 library version 2.6.0 or greater.
You may need to upgrade if you have an older Linux distribution.
Check with rpm -q libxml2
If it's not installed, check your installation disks for the libxml2 package.
If it's too old, you can get the library from
XMLSoft.org.
You will probably need to compile and install it yourself.
• PHP 4.3.5 / 4.3.6 / 5.0RC1 PCRE Regression (March 2004)
If you use PHP 4.3.5, 4.3.6, or PHP 5.0 RC1 with PCRE (Perl Regular Expressions, the default), you get a core dump when you try and restart (SIGHUP) Apache (at least with Apache 2.0.49). The cause is from adding a new version of PCRE, 4.5, in PHP. This is fixed in PHP 4.3.7 and 5.0.
The symptom are these messages in error_log (which is also a symptom for lots of other memory-type bugs in Apache):
To fix, upgrade to PHP 4.3.7 or higher, which fixes it (PHP 5.0 or higher also fixes the bug). A workaround is to stop/start Apache, instead of restarting Apache. For details, see PHP bug 27810.
• ServerRoot Installation Directory
By default, Apache is installed in ServerRoot, as specified in httpd.conf
or the httpd -d option:
ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"
Some packagers and distributions move the location to
/usr/local/httpd
or
/usr/local/apache2
so check that Apache is installed where you say it is,
and check that you don't have two separate Apache installations by mistake.
• PHP-required Apache files must be present
PHP expects certain files to be present. They may be missing for some Linux distributions, which tend to separate files among the /var, /etc, and other directories. The apxs program expects to find httpd under the bin directory where apache is installed (by default /usr/local/apache/bin). PHP expects to find the os.h and unixd.h header files under the include directory where apache is installed (by default /usr/local/apache/include).
• MySQL
Use the --with-mysql configure option to build PHP with PHP's version of MySql. If you want the system's MySQL, or are also using MySql with another apache module (e.g., mod_perl), use this: with-mysql=/usr
Make sure the MySQL developent headers are installed. This is usually package mysql-devel (thanks to Dev for the tip)
• Custom OpenSSL and SSL
When using "--enable-ssl" (i.e, build with OpenSSL), the configure script will try to guess the location of OpenSSL. If you're using your own custom SSL, you must specify the location. For example, "--with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl" (of course, you can use the SSL and PHP that comes with Redhat 9 and other distributions).
Please note that mod_ssl is only for Apache 1.x. Apache 2.x does not use mod_ssl—SSL is built into Apache 2.x.
Jason reports that with RedHat 9 on his system, the make failed at
mod_ssl. It needed a missing krb5.h header file. The fix is to
Add an environment variable, $CFLAGS, before making PHP. That is:
"-I/usr/kerberos/include/ -L/usr/kerberos/lib"
•
gdbm
If you get this error when using "--with-gdbm":
configure: error: DBA: Could not find necessary header file(s).
then you are probably missing the gdbm-devel rpm package.
•
Apache 1.x and Apache 2 Configuration Directives
The "AddModule,"
"AgentLog," "ReferrerLog," "RefererIgnore,"
"BindAddress," "ClearModuleList," "Port,"
"FancyIndexing,"
"ServerType," "AccessConfig,"
and
"ResourceConfig"
directives in Apache 1.x no longer exist in Apache 2.
Also, "HAVE_*" httpd.conf definitions no longer exist.
Comment them out of your httpd.conf for Apache 2.
Most of these directives have been replaced by other directive(s).
• Error after glibc library upgrade
Apache should still work after upgrading glibc with security and bug fixes
for the same release. If you use another architecture (say from or to
i386/i686), you need to recompile. One symptom is an error like this
in your Apache error_log:
[error] (38)Function not implemented:
• make clean
Kåre Olaussen adds this note: If you're compiling php4 for both Apache 1.3 and Apache 2, use a separate php source directory for each version of Apache. "The module wouldn't load into Apache 2, because I had forgotten to run make clean in between." [Ed. note: I recommend untaring the source from scratch in another directory, that way you are sure no old state information is left behind from previous makes. Do this for any configuration or version changes.]
• Enabling register_globals for Apache 2
From Duke: For those of you that are desperately trying to enable register_globals on a per-directory basis using Apache 2 with PHP 4 [or PHP 5] using .htaccess files, the syntax is different from Apache 1.x. In the directory you want to enable register_globals (or pretty much any other on/off setting), add an .htaccess file containing:
Note that php_flag does not work with Apache 2. Neither does on / off — you must use 0 (off) or 1 (on).
[Editor's note: To enable globally, add register_globals=off to your php.ini file.]
To enable register_globals on a per-directory basis, you can add to a <Directory> stanza or create a .htaccess configuration file in the directory. To use .htaccess, you must first enable it by adding AllowOverride All (or some combination of AllowOverride options within the correct <Directory> stanza. Also newer PHP software, such as SquirrelMail, no longer require register_globals to be enabled.
Note: keeping register_globals disabled makes the system much more secure (as it's harder to set internal php variables through submitting html forms). Rather than enabling register_globals, fix the real problem. Upgrade your PHP software to a newer version that doesn't use register globals or ask the PHP software developers to fix their code. That's better than making your website more vulnerable to attack. ]
• Multi-Processing Module (MPM): don't use multi-threading MPMs
MPMs is how Apache 2 handles multiple web server requests. That is, with multiple processes or multiple threads or some combination. For now, on Linux (and even UNIX) you should only use the (default) prefork module with PHP. This is specified at compile time. Other MPM modules (any involving threads) break PHP. This is partly because PHP uses a great number of external libraries, and many or most of them are not thread-safe or thread-aware. In any case, Linux 2.4 doesn't handle threads efficiently yet—multiple processes are better (this changes with Linux 2.6, or RedHat 9 with 2.6 threads backported to Linux 2.4).
• API module structure `php5_module' in file . . . is garbled
If you get a message like this:it's because your version of PHP wasn't built for the version of Apache you are using (For PHP 4, substitute php4_module . . . libphp4.so). Recompile PHP in a "fresh" source directory (where you haven't built PHP before) and make sure --prefix, --with-config-file and --with-apxs2 points to the correct Apache directories you are using and the libphp4.so file has been copied to your /usr/local/apache/modules directory.
• PATH_INFO
Dan Fitzpatrick notes that he uses PATH_INFO for many PHP scripts like /index.php/go/do/something (where parameters are passed to PHP as "fake" subdirectories). He received a 404 Not Found errors with Apache 2 but not Apache 1.3.27. He had to add "AcceptPathInfo On" to file httpd.conf. For details, see http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.2/mod/core.html#acceptpathinfo
• Using <? ?> style tags in addition to <?php ?> style tags
If you want to also use the old-style (or MS ASP-like) tags
<? and ?>
then add this line to your
php.ini file. This is the default starting with PHP 5:
• GD library now built-in PHP
PHP 4.3.0 has gd built-in, just pass --with-gd to PHP configure.
• --with-apache
If you don't have Apache source at the default directory at /usr/local/apache, then use --with-apache=DIR with PHP configure, where DIR is the root source directory, This tells PHP where to look for the Apache source.
•
Redhat 9
Apache 2 and PHP is built-in RedHat 9
(packages httpd 2.0.40, and php 4.2.2).
Apache is mostly under /usr/lib/httpd
and /usr/sbin/httpd.
PHP is at /usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp4.so
For a complete file listing, type: rpm -ql httpd php
For RedHat 9,
PHP 4.3.1 gives a compiler errors with RedHat 9 similar to:
my_malloc.c:24: undefined reference to `errno'
The problem is with mysql and will have to wait for a fix from them.
Until then, add this line:
#include <errno.h>
to the beginning of
file ./ext/mysql/libmysql/mysql.h
in your PHP source and remake PHP (from scratch).
• Notes about Gentoo Linux and Apache2 with PHP
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
becomes:
LoadModule php5_module /usr/lib/apache2-extramodules/libphp5.so
To start automatically under Gentoo:
rc-update add apache2 default
(change php5 to php4 for PHP 4)
[Thanks to Phillip Temple]
References
Copyright and DisclaimerCopyright © 2002-2006 Dan Anderson. All rights reserved.
This document is provided "as is" in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Last updated 12 September 2011.
If you have questions or comments, please send a message to Dan Anderson.
http://dan.drydog.com/apache2php.html